What is a capacitor? What does it look like? In this post, we find out how it works, what it is used for and its practical applications.
The capacitor is an essential component for the safety of electrical circuits. This device essentially acts as an electric charge container. It can have different sizes and capacitance, adapting to the various requirements of practical applications.
Its main task is to retain energy and release it only when necessary. In addition, the capacitor is useful for filtering signals, noise and disturbances, thus improving the operation of other components and removing voltage surges.
Index:
How the capacitor looks like
The capacitor can be considered a container for electrical energy. It is shaped like a cylinder or a drop and its purpose is to release stored energy when required.
Internally, it consists of two blades called ‘armatures’, separated by an insulating material. These plates are positively and negatively polarised, as in an ordinary battery. The capacitor is lined internally and externally with an aluminium case.
How the capacitor works
The operation of a capacitor takes place in two phases: the charging phase and the discharging phase.
- CHARGING PHASE
In this phase, the capacitor accumulates charge within it, until it reaches its maximum capacity. Once charged, the capacitor can hold the stored charge for a set period of time. At the appointed time, it will then be emptied, beginning the second phase - DISCHARGING PHASE
During this phase, charges flow along the metal conductor until they escape from the capacitor
The charge enters the capacitor from the positive terminal, and accumulates inside it. When it reaches the maximum allowable level, the capacitor holds the charge; finally, at the predetermined time, it flows outwards through the negative terminal.
Application fields
The capacitor can have numerous fields of application, depending on its size and capacity. It is usually inside electrical and electronic circuits in order to regulate the electric charge in the best possible way. Its application varies depending on the material it is made of.
- Polyester: used in electrical circuits up to 1000V
- Polystyrene: used at low voltages and in small, closed circuits.
- Double-layer: used in electronics
- Aerogel: these are used in very large circuits
Capacitors filter out basic signals, noise and disturbances, ensuring the proper functioning of the other circuit components. In addition, they often eliminate voltage surges.
The capacitor performs a crucial protective and safety function in electrical circuits. It holds potential electric charge and releases it when necessary. It is also widely used in industrial electrical systems, especially in induction motors for power factor correction.
In addition, capacitors are fundamental in modern technologies, supporting the operation of electronic devices and improving energy efficiency. Knowledge of the different types and their applications can help you choose the right capacitor for every need.
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